Radiomics for Classifying Histological Subtypes of Lung Cancer Based on Multiphasic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the radiomics method in classifying lung cancer histological subtypes based on multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. Methods A total of 229 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were retrospectively recruited. All recruited patients underwent nonenhanced and dual-phase chest contrast-enhanced CT; 1160 quantitative radiomics features were calculated to build a radiomics classification model. The performance of the classification models was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The areas under the curve of radiomics models in classifying adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer were 0.801, 0.857, and 0.657 (nonenhanced); 0.834, 0.855, and 0.619 (arterial phase); and 0.864, 0.864, and 0.664 (venous phase), respectively. Moreover, the application of contrast-enhanced CT may affect the selection of radiomics features. Conclusions Our study indicates that radiomics may be a promising tool for noninvasive predicting histological subtypes of lung cancer based on the multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT images.