Strong metal-support interaction of Pt-based electrocatalysts with transition metal oxides/nitrides/carbides for oxygen reduction reaction

The practical application of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) still faces many limitations, including carbon corrosion and their weak interaction with Pt-based nanoparticles (NPs). Harnessing the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effects at the interface between Pt-based nanoparticles and alternative corrosion-resistant non-carbon support is an effective strategy to address these issues. The rational design of Pt-based catalysts with favorable SMSI and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying such interactions is indispensable for achieving desirable activity and stability. In this review, first, the basic principles of the ORR are briefly introduced. Next, the formation process of SMSI, construction strategies, and the advantages and drawbacks of representative supports, including transition metal oxides, nitrides, and carbides (TMOs, TMCs, and TMNs, respectively), are fully discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects in promoting the practical applications of the SMSI effect for ORR are highlighted.