Investigation of Mangiferin, as a Promising Natural Polyphenol Xanthone on Multiple Targets of Alzheimer's Disease

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of mangiferin (1, 3, 6, 7- Tetrahydroxy-2-[3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) oxan-2-yl] xanthen-9-one), a polyphenol xanthone on multiple pharmacological screening models of Alzheimers disease (AD) viz, in vitro protection against β- amyloid induced neurotoxicity on brain cell line (Neuro 2A), AchE inhibition, 5-LOX enzyme inhibition, antioxidant potential and in vivo scopolamine induced memory retrieval by pole climbing and moris water maze task in rats. It was found that mangiferin potentially protects (59.79±27.72 %) the Neuro 2A cells, inhibit AChE and LOX with 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 55.42±1.52 and 2.28±0.63 µg/ml. Mangiferin gives significant antioxidant action with IC of 18.50±0.18 by DPPH, 17.76±1.83 by FRAP and 11.70±0.67 µg/ml by phosphomolybdenum complex method. In scopolamine induced memory impairment on pole climbing and moris water maze task, it was found that group receiving mangiferin in dose of 100 mg/ kg p.o. significantly reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.). These activities may be attributed due to the presence of polyphenolic ring in the structure and supports the potential beneficial multifaceted effects of mangiferin to combat Alzheimers disease.