Near‐Infrared‐Driven Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Based Nanorobots for Controlled Photothermal‐Chemical Therapy Synergistic Induction of Cancer Cell Death

Chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) hold great potential in cancer treatment, but face challenges including low therapeutic agent penetration and insufficient photothermal effects. Therefore, it is necessary to design a nanomedicine delivery system capable of both PTT and controlled drug release. Here, a bowl‐shaped PDA@UiO‐66 nanorobot was designed for efficient loading of doxorubicin (DOX), enabling synergistic cancer cell death through combined chemotherapy and PTT. The superior photothermal‐effect bowl‐shaped Polydopamine (PDA) was synthesized using an emulsion‐induced interface anisotropic assembly method, and UiO‐66 was grown on its surface through functional groups to enhance the drug‐loading capacity. The asymmetric structure of nanorobots enables efficient self‐thermophoretic motion under Near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. Compared to static nanorobots, NIR irradiation not only drives nanorobot to exhibit self‐thermophoretic motion and elevates temperature but also triggers DOX release via hyperthermia, enhancing cancer cellular uptake of DOX and thereby significantly improving the combined chemo‐photothermal therapeutic efficacy. This novel therapeutic strategy, which combines self‐propelled motion with photothermally responsive drug release, overcomes the technical limitations of decoupled motility and drug release in traditional nano‐delivery systems. It achieves precise photothermal‐controlled drug release and significantly enhances tumor cell‐killing efficiency. This approach provides an innovative strategy for developing multifunctional integrated nanodrug delivery platforms.