Gold-based paper for antigen detection of monkeypox virus

In 2022, the outbreak of the monkeypox virus occurred in many non-endemic countries, and the World Health Organization (WHO) assessed that this outbreak was "atypical". The establishment of a rapid and effective assay that can be used for the early diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection is crucial for outbreak prevention and control. In this study, the monkeypox virus A29 protein and the homologous vaccinia virus A27 protein and cowpox virus 162 protein were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 for screening. We synthesized the monkeypox virus A2917-49 peptide as the immunogen and obtained 25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the A29 protein using mouse hybridoma techniques. Then an immunochromatographic test strip method for detecting A29 was established. The strips utilizing mAb-7C5 and 5D8 showed the best sensitivity and lowest limit of detection: 50 pg mL-1 for purified A29 and specificity tests showed that the strips did not cross-react with other orthopox viruses (vaccinia virus or cowpox virus) as well as common respiratory pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and influenza B). Therefore, this method can be used for early and rapid diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection by antigen detection.