Porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based porous organic polymers: From synthesis to application

Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are structurally related macrocyclic compounds with a highly conjugated π-electron system, which exhibit strong absorptions in the visible-light region and extraordinary thermal/chemical stability. Meanwhile, their photophysical properties and electronegativity can be adjusted by changing the metal centers or peripheral substituents. Porous organic polymers (POPs), as a class of emerging porous materials, have been researched extensively and applied in various fields. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are significant buliding blocks widely used in the construction of POPs on account of their special properties. The incorporation of porphyrin or phthalocyanine in POPs makes the polymers versatile and the application of porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based porous materials includes catalysis, adsorption, separation, degradation, therapy, and so on. Preparation strategies, structure designs, and monomer functionalizations essentially influence the properties in a certain application. In this review, we first summarize the current preparation methods of powders, nanosheets, and films of porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based POPs. Then, we introduce the main applications of porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based materials, focusing on the impact of material construction methods and structural design on performances. Finally, the main challenges and prospects for the materials are further discussed based on our knowledge.