2D/2D Ti3C2 MXene/g-C3N4 nanosheets heterojunction for high efficient CO2 reduction photocatalyst: Dual effects of urea

In this paper, an ultrathin 2D/2D Ti3C2/g-C3N4 heterojunction was synthesized by direct calcination the mixture of bulk Ti3C2 and urea, where urea not only acts as the gas template to exfoliate Ti3C2 into nanosheets, but also as the precursor of g-C3N4 to craft Ti3C2/g-C3N4 heterojunction. CO2 photoreduction activity tests reveal that pure g-C3N4 (UCN) exhibits very weak photoactivity. However, when Ti3C2 was coupled with g-C3N4, the photocatalytic performance is soaringly enhanced. The optimal sample (10TC) shows the yields of 5.19 and 0.044 μmol h−1 g−1 for CO and CH4, respectively, and the total CO2 conversion is 8.1 times higher than that of UCN. The enhanced CO2 photoreduction activity is mainly attributed to the combined effects of (1) improved CO2 adsorption and activation, and (2) the construction of ultrathin 2D/2D Ti3C2/g-C3N4 heterojunction, where the intimate contact stimulates an efficient spatial separation of photo-excited charge carriers.