A comparison of experimental and theoretical studies of electron transfer within DNA duplexes coordination complexes and nucleic acids perspectives on electron transfer, binding mode, and cooperativity photoinduced electron transfer in metal-organic dyads photochemistry and photophysics of liquid crystalline polymers photochemical solid-to-solid reactions chemical and photophysical processes of transients derived from multiphoton excitation - upper excited states and excited radicals environmental photochemistry with semiconductor nanoparticles.