医学
神经保护
药代动力学
冲程(发动机)
药效学
药理学
大脑中动脉
麻醉
缺血
内科学
机械工程
工程类
作者
Li Zhang,Robin Schwartz-Byrne,Steven Gertz,Matthew J. McGuire,Colleen Woodhouse,Brianna Powell,Min Wei,Chao Li,Clare B. Billing,Todd A. Verdoorn,Leslie Lam,Tom J Parry,Benjamin Buller,Zheng Gang Zhang,David J. Poulsen,Michael Chopp
出处
期刊:Stroke
[Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
日期:2022-11-01
卷期号:53 (11): 3455-3464
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1161/strokeaha.122.038507
摘要
Ischemic stroke affects about 700 000 patients per year in the United States, and to date, there are no effective pharmacological agents that promote recovery. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of NTS-105, a novel neuroactive steroid, and NTS-104, a prodrug of NTS-105, in 2 models of ischemic stroke.The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of NTS-104/105 were investigated in naive and stroke rats, and models of embolic and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were used to investigate the dose-related effects of NTS-104. All rats were randomly assigned into the experimental groups, and all outcome measurements were performed blindly.Blood plasma and brain pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that NTS-104 rapidly converted to NTS-105, which reached peak concentration at ≈1 hour after dosing and distributed similarly to normal and ischemic brains. NTS-104 administration 4 hours after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion led to a dose-dependent improvement of neurological outcomes and a dose-dependent reduction of infarct volumes relative to vehicle-treated animals. A single dose level study confirmed that NTS-104 administered 4 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was also neuroprotective. Quantitative ELISA revealed that NTS-104 treatment resulted in time- and dose-dependent changes in AKT activation and cytokine levels within the ischemic brain, which included reductions of IL-6, VEGF, ICAM-1, IL-1β, MCP-1, RAGE, and GM-CSF. Time- and dose-dependent reductions in IL-6 and GM-CSF were also observed in the plasma along with an elevation of galectin-1.NTS-104 is a novel prodrug that converts to a novel neuroactive steroid, NTS-105, which improves functional outcomes in experimental ischemic stroke models.
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