Objective:To analyze the factors of root canal therapy failure.Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight failed treated teeth were analyzed according to the treatment records,clinical examination,pretreatment radiographs and rood canal exploration during root canal therapy.Results:For failure teeth with root canal therapy,58.7% indicated under-filling;16.7% was over-filling;7.2% was perfect-filling;11.6% was missing canal;5.8% was occurring complication in the root canal.Conclusion:Root canal preparation and/or incomplete filling were the main causes for the root canal therapy.