Effects of physical and psychological symptoms on cancer-related fatigue among esophageal cancer patients

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is considered one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms among cancer patients and may vary among patients with different cancer types. However, few studies have explored the influence of physical and psychological symptoms on CRF among esophageal cancer (EC) patients without esophagectomy. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of physical and psychological symptoms on CRF among EC patients without esophagectomy. Methods In the present study, a cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to March 2022 in Liaoning Province, China. Among the 112 included participants, 97 completed our investigation. The questionnaires used consisted of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Gastrointestinal Cancer Module (MDASI-GI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and demographic and clinical information. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to test the relationships between physical and psychological symptoms and CRF. Results Of the 97 EC patients, 60.8% reported CRF (BFI ≥ 4). The mean age of the participants was 64.92 years (SD = 8.67). According to the regression model, all the variables explained 74.5% of the variance in CRF. Regression analysis indicated that physical symptoms, including constipation, diarrhoea, and difficulty swallowing, contributed to CRF. On the other hand, depressive symptoms increased the level of CRF among EC patients without esophagectomy. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of CRF among EC patients without esophagectomy, it is urgent to emphasize the importance of fatigue management interventions based on physical and psychological symptoms to alleviate CRF in EC patients.