Insights into spermatogenesis in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), following histological and ultrastructural features of the testis

The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests globally, and this species is particularly localized in several regions of Egypt. However, so far, very little attention has been paid to the characteristics of the testes. Furthermore, spermatogenesis requires careful analysis to characterize and track developmental episodes. We thus investigated, for the first time, the histological and ultrastructural properties of the testis in L. migratoria employing a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Our results revealed that the testis comprises several follicles, emerging with distinct outer surface wrinkle patterns for each follicle throughout the length of the follicular wall. Furthermore, histological examination of the follicles showed that each has three developmental zones. Each zone has cysts with characteristic spermatogenic elements, beginning with the spermatogonia at the distal end of each follicle and ending with the spermatozoa at the proximal end. Moreover, spermatozoa are arranged in spermatozoa bundles called spermatodesms. Overall, this research provides novel insights into the structure of the testes of L. migratoria, which will significantly contribute to formulating effective pesticides against locusts.