Construction of sphere like samarium vanadate nanoparticles anchored graphene nanosheets for enhanced electrochemical detection of nitrofurantoin in biological fluids

In recent times rare earth metal vanadate (REVO) has received a lot of attention in the research of electrocatalysts. Accordingly, we construct a novel fabrication strategy nanoarchitecture for an electrochemical sensor. In addition, the highly effective nitrofurantoin (NFT) antibiotic drug is mainly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. However, when the level of NFT use in the human body increases, the pulmonary develops toxic and many side effects. Hence, the detection of NFT in biological fluids is much important. This electrochemical detection approach is a better way to detect the NFT precisely. Herein, the pristine samarium vanadate nanoparticles (SV NPs) synthesized were Co-precipitation method. The collected sample was sintered at 450, 550, and 650 °C (denoted as SV-1, SV-2, SV-3). The above-mentioned samples were incorporated with graphene nanosheets (GNSs) through an ultra-sonication method to obtained SmVO4-GNSs (SVG) nanocomposites namely (SVG-1, SVG-2, SVG-3), which were utilized for various analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Interestingly, the as-prepared SVG-2/GCE was demonstrated an enhanced the electrochemical activity due to the synergetic effect between SV-2 and GNSs, which significantly enhanced the reduction signal of NFT. Thereby, SVG-2/GCE has exhibited a good linear range (0.035–672.3 μM), good sensitivity (0.875 μA μA−1 cm−2) with a limit of detection (0.0087 μM). The anti-interference ability, good sensitivity, and operational stability were performed in the proposed electrode. The SVG-2 modified RRD electrode was capable of detecting NFT in blood serum and human urine samples in real-time monitoring analysis. These electrochemical tests were revealed an entirely new perspective on the electrocatalytic activity as well as outstanding amplification results at ultra-trace levels.