Autoclave sterilization of dental handpieces: A literature review

The present review aimed to investigate autoclave sterilization of dental handpieces based on available studies. The sterilizing efficiency of dental handpieces with autoclave is mainly affected by the types of apparatus (N, B, and S), the packaging with sterilizing pouch, cleaning, and lubrication. These subjects were reviewed based on the in vitro experimental studies. Dental handpieces can be sterilized, including inactivation of heat-resistant bacterial spores, with type B or type S sterilizers, regardless of the use of a sterilization pouch. In contrast, although type N autoclaves are capable of sterilization of general bacteria such as Streptococcus salivarius even in a sterilization pouch if instruments are washed beforehand, complete sterilization of the wrapped handpiece is not always achieved. Therefore, to achieve sterilization efficiency with type N autoclaves, processing without any packaging is recommended. As regards cleaning of handpiece, although contamination decreases with irrigation and wiping of handpieces, all reports concluded that these treatments alone do not achieve complete decontamination of reusable handpieces. Although type B and type S autoclaves allow us to sterilize the dental handpieces, it is important to realize that complete sterilization of the handpiece is not always achieved by type N autoclave. Understanding autoclave processing of handpieces is essential for dental practice to deliver the safe dental care.