Assessing Serum Apolipoproteins A‐I and b100 and the Apo A‐I/Apo b100 Ratio in Relation to Premature Coronary Artery Disease and Its Severity

BACKGROUND: Apolipoproteins are proposed to predict the status of CAD and its occurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I, b100 and the ratio of Apo A-I/Apo b100 with the development and severity of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). METHODS: In this registry-based case-control study, patients under the age of 50 years with at least one coronary artery disease with stenosis ≥ 50% (PCAD group) were assessed and compared with patients without coronary artery involvement (normal group). The Gensini score considered to assess the CAD severity. RESULTS: The mean Apo A-I and Apo A-I/Apo b100 levels were higher in the control group, but Apo b100 was higher in the patient group (p < 0.05). Apo A-I and Apo A-I/Apo b100 ratio had a negative correlations (rho = -0.57, rho = -0.71, respectively) with the severity of PCAD based on the Gensini score. Apo b100 also had a positive correlation (rho = 0.67) with the severity of PCAD (p < 0.05). Apo A-I and Apo b100 were significantly associated with the occurrence of PCAD. Based on the results of multivariable analysis, with a 1 mg/dL increase in Apo A-I levels and Apo b100, the odds of PCAD decreased by 13% and increased by 31%, respectively. With a 1 mg/dL increase in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein b100 levels, the odds of high Gensini score decreased by 7% and increased by 8%, respectively (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of serum apolipoproteins in patients with suspected PCAD can predict the occurrence of CAD and its severity.