TVET Education for Community Education 5.0 in Malaysia

Introduction Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has evolved into a vital component of Malaysia's ambition to become a high-income, knowledge-driven economy. This study explores the evolution of TVET, MoHE-driven policies, and industry alignment within the Community Education 5.0 and Industry 4.0 frameworks. The findings highlight the critical role that MoHE institutions, such as Community Colleges and Polytechnics, play in advancing TVET's alignment with the broader goals of Industry 5.0. Using a mixed-method approach, this study combines qualitative case studies of initiatives such as the Penang Skills Development Centre (PSDC) and the National Dual Training System (NDTS), with quantitative enrolment and employment data analysis. The results reveal that although PSDC and NDTS exemplify successful industry partnerships and positive employment outcomes, persistent challenges include curriculum misalignment with industry needs, digital infrastructure disparities, and societal stigma towards vocational pathways. The recommendations emphasise the need for curriculum modernisation to include emerging technologies, expanding public-private collaborations, and strategic rebranding of televisionET to improve public perceptions, ensuring its alignment with broader development goals.