怀孕
医学
肥胖
后代
超重
胎盘
胎儿
内分泌系统
表型
宫内生长受限
营养不良
生理学
产科
内分泌学
内科学
脂肪组织
胎盘生长因子
子痫前期
瘦素
胰岛素抵抗
胎盘形成
体质指数
生物
激素
遗传学
作者
Abigail L. Fowden,Emily J. Camm,Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri
出处
期刊:Current Vascular Pharmacology
[Bentham Science]
日期:2020-05-13
卷期号:19 (2): 113-131
被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.2174/1570161118666200513115316
摘要
The incidence of obesity is rising rapidly worldwide with the consequence that more women are entering pregnancy overweight or obese. This leads to an increased incidence of clinical complications during pregnancy and of poor obstetric outcomes. The offspring of obese pregnancies are often macrosomic at birth although there is also a subset of the progeny that are growth-restricted at term. Maternal obesity during pregnancy is also associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine dysfunction in the offspring later in life. As the interface between the mother and fetus, the placenta has a central role in programming intrauterine development and is known to adapt its phenotype in response to environmental conditions such as maternal undernutrition and hypoxia. However, less is known about placental function in the abnormal metabolic and endocrine environment associated with maternal obesity during pregnancy. This review discusses the placental consequences of maternal obesity induced either naturally or experimentally by increasing maternal nutritional intake and/or changing the dietary composition. It takes a comparative, multi-species approach and focusses on placental size, morphology, nutrient transport, metabolism and endocrine function during the later stages of obese pregnancy. It also examines the interventions that have been made during pregnancy in an attempt to alleviate the more adverse impacts of maternal obesity on placental phenotype. The review highlights the potential role of adaptations in placental phenotype as a contributory factor to the pregnancy complications and changes in fetal growth and development that are associated with maternal obesity.
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