The efficacy of technology-based devices on the first-attempt success rate for difficult intravenous access in pediatrics: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Based on our findings, the prioritization of device usage to increase the FASR of PIVC in pediatric patients with DIVA is as follows: USG, NIR, SC, and TI, respectively. However, due to inconsistencies in the network, existence of an overall high risk of bias in the included studies, and very low confidence estimate, further clinical trials are required.