Safety, Feasibility, and Merits of Longitudinal Molecular Testing of Multiple Metastatic Sites to Inform mTNBC Patient Treatment in the Intensive Trial of Omics in Cancer

Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) have poor outcomes. The Intensive Trial of Omics in Cancer (ITOMIC) sought to determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of informing treatment decisions through multiple biopsies of mTNBC deposits longitudinally over time, accompanied by analysis using a distributed network of experts.Thirty-one subjects were enrolled and 432 postenrollment biopsies performed (clinical and study-directed) of which 332 were study-directed. Molecular profiling included whole-genome sequencing or whole-exome sequencing, cancer-associated gene panel sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. To afford time for analysis, subjects were initially treated with cisplatin (19 subjects), or another treatment they had not received previously. The results were discussed at a multi-institutional ITOMIC Tumor Board, and a report transmitted to the subject's oncologist who arrived at the final treatment decision in conjunction with the subject. Assistance was provided to access treatments that were predicted to be effective.Multiple biopsies in single settings and over time were safe, and comprehensive analysis was feasible. Two subjects were found to have lung cancer, one had carcinoma of unknown primary site, tumor samples from three subjects were estrogen receptor-positive and from two others, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive. Two subjects withdrew. Thirty-four of 112 recommended treatments were accessed using approved drugs, clinical trials, and single-patient investigational new drugs. After excluding the three subjects with nonbreast cancers and the two subjects who withdrew, 22 of 26 subjects (84.6%) received at least one ITOMIC Tumor Board-recommended treatment.Further exploration of this approach in patients with mTNBC is merited.