[Study on sIgE distribution characteristics and the sensitization pattern of allergen in 1 161 patients with allergic diseases of respiratory tract in northwest China].

Objective: To explore the allergen map of patients with allergic diseases in northwest China, to investigate the distribution characteristics of serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in different ages, genders, diseases and the sensitization patterns of allergens. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 161 patients with confirmed respiratory allergic diseases were selected retrospectively from outpatient or inpatient department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from June 2019 to October 2022. HAIKE ALLEOS 2000 fluorescent magnetic particle chemiluminescence method was used to quantify their serum for 12 inhaled allergen-specific IgE. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison between count data groups (Bonferroni correction was used for further pairwise comparison in multiple groups, two-sided P<0.05/3=0.017 considered that the difference was statistically significant). Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation of continuous numerical variables. Results: The positive detection rate of sIgE in 1 161 patients was 66.8%(776/1 161). The three highest positive rate of inhaled allergen were mugwort(599/1 161, 51.6%), French chrysanthemum(565/1 161, 48.7%) and dandelion(412/1 161, 35.5%). In different age groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was 7-18 age group(379/513, 73.9%) while the lowest positive rate was 4-6 age group(222/370, 60.0%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=21.177, P<0.001). The sensitization peak of mugwort, French chrysanthemum, plantain, timothy, birch, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium, dog epithelium and German cockroach appeared in 7-18 age group. In different disease groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was allergic rhinitis with asthma group (500/717, 69.7%) while the lowest positive rate was asthma group (76/144, 52.8%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=15.563, P<0.001). In different gender groups, the positive rate of sIgE in male (503/711, 70.7%) was higher than in female (273/450, 60.7%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=12.630, P<0.001). The multiple-sensitization rate was 86.9%(674/776) and the double-sensitization rate was 16.8%(130/776) in sIgE positive patients. Pearson correlation results showed that there was an extremely strong correlation between dandelion and French chrysanthemum(r=0.93,P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between mugwort and French chrysanthemum(r=0.64,P<0.001). In the co-sensitization analysis, the number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion, plantain and timothy accounted for 25.2%(170/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum and dandelion accounted for 58.3%(393/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion and plantain accounted for 35.6%(240/674) of the total number of multiple sensitization. Conclusion: Mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion are the major inhaled allergens in northwest China. The positive rate of sIgE was different in different ages, diseases and genders. The multiple-sensitization rate of allergen was high and there was a certain positive correlation between pollen allergen-specific IgE pairwise, suggesting that there may exist co-sensitization or cross-reactions among allergens.目的： 探讨中国西北地区呼吸道过敏性疾病患者的过敏原谱、血清特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）在不同年龄、性别、疾病的分布特征及致敏模式。 方法： 本研究为横断面研究，回顾性收集2019年6月至2022年10月就诊于甘肃省人民医院、甘肃省妇幼保健院、宁夏医科大学总医院、银川市妇幼保健院、空军军医大学西京医院、内蒙古自治区肿瘤医院门诊或住院部的1 161例经临床诊断为呼吸道过敏性疾病患者，采用HAIKE ALLEOS 2000荧光磁微粒化学发光法对其进行12种吸入性过敏原的sIgE检测，计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验/Fisher精确检验（多组间进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni校正，双侧P<0.05/3=0.017则认为差异有统计学意义）。连续数值型变量的相关性采用Pearson相关性分析。 结果： 1 161例患者sIgE阳性检出率为66.8%（776/1 161），阳性率最高的3种吸入性过敏原是艾蒿（599/1 161，51.6%）、法国菊（565/1 161，48.7%）、蒲公英（412/1 161，35.5%）。在不同年龄分组中，sIgE阳性率最高的是7~18岁（379/513，73.9%），最低的是4~6岁（222/370，60.0%），组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=21.177，P<0.001）。艾蒿、法国菊、车前草、梯牧草、桦树、屋尘螨、粉尘螨、猫皮毛屑、狗皮毛屑、德国蟑螂在7~18岁年龄组形成致敏高峰。在不同疾病分组中，sIgE阳性率最高的是过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘组（500/717，69.7%）、最低为哮喘组（76/144，52.8%），组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=15.563，P<0.001）。在不同性别分组中，男性sIgE阳性率（503/711，70.7%）高于女性sIgE阳性率（273/450，60.7%），组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=12.630，P<0.001）。sIgE阳性患者中多重致敏率达86.9%（674/776），双重致敏率为16.8%（130/776）。Pearson相关性结果显示，蒲公英和法国菊（r=0.93，P<0.001）之间存在极强相关性，艾蒿和法国菊（r=0.64，P<0.001）之间存在较强相关性。共致敏分析中，艾蒿、法国菊、蒲公英、车前草、梯牧草共致敏的患者数占多重致敏总人数的25.2%（170/674），艾蒿、法国菊、蒲公英共致敏的患者数占多重致敏总人数的58.3%（393/674），艾蒿、法国菊、蒲公英、车前草共致敏的患者数占多重致敏总人数的35.6%（240/674）。 结论： 艾蒿、法国菊、蒲公英为中国西北地区主要的吸入性过敏原，sIgE阳性率在不同年龄、疾病和性别之间存在差异。过敏原多重致敏率高，花粉过敏原sIgE两两之间存在一定的正相关性，表明过敏原之间可能存在共同致敏或交叉反应。.