Sustainable Silicon‐Containing Resources Utilization and Performance Optimization of Silicon‐Based Anode Materials

Silicon (Si) is a highly promising anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries due to its ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh g −1 ), abundant reserves, and suitable working voltage. However, its industrialization is hindered by the high cost of nanosilicon, significant volume expansion, and low electrical conductivity, necessitating sustainable silicon sources that are cost‐effective and environmentally friendly. Compared to high‐purity nanosilicon, biomass silicon, mineral silicon, and industrial waste silicon serve as alternative silicon sources that not only effectively reduce the production costs of silicon‐based anodes but also alleviate resource scarcity and environmental pollution. This review summarizes the resource characteristics, development potential, and key technologies for preparing nanosilicon from these three types of low‐cost silicon sources. Furthermore, it highlights optimization mechanisms for enhancing the electrochemical performance of silicon anodes through modification strategies such as carbon composite design, atomic doping, and hierarchical structure construction. By integrating a multidimensional approach encompassing three parts: resource screening, controllable preparation, and synergistic modification, this work aims to advance silicon‐based anode materials, providing economically viable and eco‐friendly solutions for advanced lithium‐ion batteries and promoting the development of sustainable electrochemical energy storage technologies.