A review on important aspects of gelatin in the research and development of hydrogels for Vit−B12 delivery applications

The search for biomaterials that can used in the production of high-throughput systems to suit the loading and release needs of water–soluble bioactive agents has been a long-standing question. The maintenance of the integrity of these agents for a relatively long period is a great challenge to therapies of diseases associated with B12 vitamin (Vit−B12) deficiencies, which require long–term use of medicines and high therapeutic doses. The effects of the Vit−B12 deficiency are of great concern among the elderly, pregnant women, and vegetarians. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection markedly reduces the level of Vit−B12 in patients with or without comorbidity. Millions of people worldwide suffer from some illness related to Vit−B12 deficiency. Gelatin is particularly attractive in biomedical use due to its excellent biocompatibility and low allergenic potential. The use of gelatin in combination with chemical modification strategies of polymers to create a safe system for drug delivery, for which deficiency associated-disease prevention or long-term treatments are required, could address the increasing demand for Vit−B12. This review describes important aspects of gelatin hydrogels and Vit−B12 and their potential use in biotechnology. The recent advances in the research and the mechanisms by which hydrogels could enhance Vit−B12 treatment were also reviewed.