安萨茨
物理
Atom(片上系统)
电子
电子密度
相互作用能
费米气体
密度泛函理论
叠加原理
原子物理学
量子力学
分子
计算机科学
嵌入式系统
作者
Karsten Wedel Jacobsen,Jens K. Nørskov,Martti J. Puska
出处
期刊:Physical review
日期:1987-05-15
卷期号:35 (14): 7423-7442
被引量:912
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevb.35.7423
摘要
An expression is derived for the total energy of a system of interacting atoms based on an ansatz for the total electron density of the system as a superposition of atom densities taken from calculations for the atoms embedded in a homogeneous electron gas. This leads to an expression for the interaction energy in terms of the embedding energy of the atoms in a homogeneous electron gas, and corrections accounting, for instance, for the d-d hybridization in the transition metals. The density of the homogeneous electron gas is chosen as the average of the density from the surrounding atoms. Due to the variational property of the total-energy functional, the errors in the interaction energy are second order in the deviation of the ansatz density from the true ground-state value. The applicability of the approach is illustrated by calculations of the cohesive properties of some simple metals and all the 3d transition metals. The interaction energy can be expressed in a form simple enough to allow calculations for low-symmetry systems and is very well suited for simulations of time-dependent and finite-temperature problems. Preliminary results for the phonon-dispersion relations and the surface energies and relaxations for Al are used to illustrate the versatility of the approach. The division of the total energy into a density-dependent part, an electrostatic ``pair-potential'' part, and a hybridization part provides a very simple way of understanding a number of these phenomena.
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