Efficacy of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Assessed by Retrospective Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been proved a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of diabetes, and time in range (TIR) has been demonstrated a new metric of glycemic control links to diabetes complications. To further assess the therapeutic effect of UC-MSCs on TIR, a phase II study investigating the efficacy of UC-MSCs in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) assessed by retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was conducted. In this randomized and placebo-controlled trial, a total of 73 patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs (n = 37) or placebo (n = 36) 3 times at 4-week intervals and followed up for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was the changes in TIR and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). TIR and HbA1c were both significantly improved in UC-MSCs and placebo groups after 48 weeks of therapy compared with baseline. Compared with placebo group, UC-MSCs group exhibited more pronounced changes at 9 and 48 weeks from baseline in TIR (26.54 vs. 15.84 and 21.36 vs. 6.32) and HbA1c (-1.79 vs. -0.96 and -1.36 vs. -0.51). More patients in UC-MSCs group achieved the glycemic control target of TIR ≥ 70% and HbA1c < 7% at 9 and 48 weeks than in placebo group (59.5% vs. 27.8% and 43.2% vs. 11.1%). The C-peptide area under the curve (AUCC-pep) was an independent risk factor associated with efficacy in T2D undergoing UC-MSCs intervention. These results illustrate that UC-MSCs administration via intravenous infusion is an effective approach for ameliorating TIR.