Dual-crosslinking immunostimulatory hydrogel synchronously suppresses pancreatic fistula and pancreatic cancer relapse post-resection

In pancreatic cancer (PC), surgical resection remains the sole curative option, albeit patients undergoing resection are susceptible to postoperative pancreatic fistula (PF) formation and tumor recurrence. An unmet need exists for a unified strategy capable of concomitantly averting PF and tumor relapse to mitigate morbidity in PC patients after surgery. Herein, an original dual crosslinked biological sealant hydrogel (methacrylate-hyaluronic acid-dopamine (MA-HA-DA) and sulfhydryl-hyaluronic acid-dopamine (SH-HA-DA)) was engineered as a drug depot and loaded with polydopamine-cloaked cytokine interleukin-15 and platelets conjugated with anti-TIGIT. In vitro analyses validated favorable tissue adhesion, cytocompatibility, and stability of the hydrogels. In a PF rodent model, the hydrogel effectively adhered to the pancreatic stump, sealing the severed pancreatic end and impeding post-operative elevations in amylase and lipase. In PC murine models, hydrogels potently stimulated CD8+ T and NK cells to deter residual tumor re-growth and distant metastasis. This innovative hydrogel strategy establishes a new framework for concomitant prevention of PF and PC recurrence.