Meso carbon microbeads (MCMB) is known as an important candidate for the anode of lithium ion battery, and its structure directly influences the charging discharging performance of the battery. MCMB samples were prepared from pitch under an inert gas atmosphere by thermal condensation.The structures of the MCMB samples, after heat treatment of carbonization and graphitization, were analyzed by XRD, and their charging-discharging performances were investigated using a constant current instrument. The effects of heat treatment temperature on structure and performance of MCMB were studied.