Epidemiology and pathogen characteristics of infections following solid organ transplantation

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients have a heightened risk for infection due to prolonged immunosuppressive drug use following transplant procedures. The occurrence of post-transplant infections is influenced not only by the transplanted organ type but also by varied factors. The kidney is the most common organ in SOT, followed by the liver, heart, and lung. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current epidemiological characteristics of infections after kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantation, focusing on bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. The incidence and infection types demonstrated significant variability across different SOTs. Furthermore, this review attempts to elucidate the clinical characteristics of infections across patients following different SOTs and contribute to the development of individualized prevention strategies according to infection incidence, ultimately enhancing the quality of life of transplant recipients.