Preparation and Evaluation of Upadacitinib-Loaded Binary Ethosomal Hydrogel: A Topical Delivery System with Enhanced Stratum Corneum Permeability for Improved Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Psoriasis

< 0.01) compared to the model group. In addition, upadacitinib binary ethosomal hydrogel did not show significant signs of irritation, indicating its safety for topical application. Therefore, the upadacitinib-loaded ethanol-based carbomer hydrogel developed in this study may be an effective strategy for the treatment of psoriasis.