Vonoprazan–Amoxicillin Dual Therapy With Different Amoxicillin Administration Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Background The effect of preprandial or postprandial administration of amoxicillin on the efficacy of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy (VA‐dual therapy) for Helicobacter pylori treatment has not been studied. It is also unclear whether amoxicillin dosing four times daily is more effective than three times daily. We aimed to investigate the effect of different amoxicillin administration regimens on the efficacy of VA‐dual therapy. Materials and Methods H. pylori ‐infected subjects were randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a 14‐day dual therapy consisting of vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily before meals (BM‐TID) or 1000 mg three times daily after meals (AM‐TID) or 750 mg four times daily after meals (AM‐QID). H. pylori eradication rates, adverse events rates, compliance, and antibiotic resistance were compared. Results Between May 2021 to April 2023, 327 subjects were enrolled. The eradication rates of BM‐TID, AM‐TID, and AM‐QID dual therapy were 88.1%, 89.9%, and 93.6% in intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, 90.6%, 94.2%, and 99.0% in modified ITT (MITT) analysis, and 90.4%, 94.1%, and 99.0% in per‐protocol (PP) analysis. Although there was non‐inferiority between BM‐TID and AM‐TID, as well as between AM‐TID and AM‐QID, AM‐QID was significantly more effective than BM‐TID. There were no significant differences in adverse event rates, compliance, and antibiotic resistance among the three groups. Conclusions Postprandial administration and the increased frequency of administration of amoxicillin may contribute to a better efficacy of VA‐dual therapy, especially for rescue therapy. All VA‐dual therapy in our study could achieve good efficacy for first‐line treatment. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov : NCT05901051.