Preparation and Evaluation of Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles Containing Recombinant Diphtheria Toxoid (CRM197) and their Immunogenicity in Mice

Engineered alginate nanoparticles loaded with recombinant diphtheria antigen (CRM197) demonstrated in vitro controlled and slow release, as well as safety and immunogenicity profiles against diphtheria in vivo. Nanoparticles containing CRM197 antigens equivalent to adult and children doses showed high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a, confirming the combined responses of the humoral and cellular immune systems.