Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Qianlietongyu Decoction in rats with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis induced by prostatic protein.Methods The rat model of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis was established by intraperitoneal injection of DPT vaccine,multiple intradermal injections of the suspension of prostatic protein purification with Freund's completed adjuvant.Then the rats were divided into the normal group,model group,celecoxib group and different Qianlietongyu Decoction groups(in low,middle or high does respectively).After 30 days the rats were killed and prostatic tissue was taken.In prostatic homogenate the contents of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),prostaglandin E2(PG E2)and β-endorphin(β-EP)were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results In the Qianlietongyu Decoction group in high dose and celecoxib group the contents of IL-1β,COX-2 and PG E2 were decreased significantly and β-EP content was increased.The comparison between these two groups was not different significantly(P0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Qianlietongyu Decoction is closely related to that it can inhibit prostatitis and regulate cytokine contents.