Multimodal advanced imaging for precision medicine in pituitary tumors

Abstract Advances in imaging technologies are revolutionizing the understanding and management of pituitary diseases including pituitary adenomas, hypopituitarism, and neuroendocrine disorders. This review highlights state-of-the-art bioimaging tools, including magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy, functional positron emission tomography, and radiomics, and emphasizes their roles in diagnosis, characterization, treatment planning, and prognostication in precision medicine of pituitary tumors. We discuss technological advancements, integration with omics data, and future research directions for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. This comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role of advanced bioimaging tools in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, individualized treatment planning, and prognostic assessment, ultimately paving the way for a more personalized approach to managing pituitary tumors.