Prevalent Pseudoprogression and Pseudoresidue in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Pseudoprogression and pseudoresidue were unique and prevalent response patterns in MSI-H/dMMR rectal cancer after nICI treatment. Our findings highlight the importance of developing specific strategies for response evaluation in neoadjuvant immunotherapy to identify patients with a good response in whom sphincter/organ-preserving or watch-and-wait strategies may be considered.