Perovskites and perovskite-based heterostructures for photocatalytic energy and environmental applications

Perovskites, a group of materials with various optical, chemical, and physical properties, when coupled with different nanostructures, can become the most versatile and multipurpose with vast potential. Perovskites have shown great promise in photocatalysis, where light energy harvesting supports various applications. The properties of perovskites can be controlled by manipulating their crystal structure, size, morphology, and chemical composition. This review focuses on numerous perovskites and perovskite-based heterostructures, and their photocatalytic applications. Additionally, diverse synthesis methodologies used to obtain perovskite-based heterostructures have been highlighted. The structure and types of perovskites are thoroughly addressed along with the discussions of the various applications of perovskite-based heterostructures in the fields of energy and environment. This includes H2 generation, CO2 conversion, N2 fixation, photovoltaics, organic synthesis, pollutant degradation, disinfection, and the development of self-cleaning surfaces. The future prospects have been presented to get insights into the potentials of perovskites and perovskite-based heterostructures as photocatalysts for various applications.