Kaempferol Promotes Glucose Uptake in Myotubes through a JAK2-Dependent Pathway

Kaempferol possesses various health-promoting functions including antihyperglycemic activity, but its underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) plays an important role in the uptake of blood glucose into muscle cells after its translocation to the plasma membrane. In this study, we demonstrated that kaempferol at 1.0 nM or more significantly increased the uptake of 2-[3H]- deoxy-d-glucose by 1.3–1.4-fold in L6 myotubes. Kaempferol at 10 pM or more also significantly increased GLUT4 translocation by 1.3–1.6-fold. Kaempferol at 1.0 nM significantly increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 2.9-fold, liver kinase B1 and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by 1.9-fold, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 by 3.7-fold. In addition, kaempferol increased phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by 1.8-fold but not the insulin receptor. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for AMPK, JAK2, or PI3K canceled kaempferol-induced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, siRNA for JAK2 canceled kaempferol-induced phosphorylation of AMPK and PI3K. These results indicate that a JAK2-depdendent pathway regulates kaempferol-induced glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes and that kaempferol may be an effective compound for the prevention of hyperglycemia.