Emerging strategies for moiré systems: new knobs, dimensions, and materials

Abstract Moiré superlattices in twisted van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have motivated enormous interest by enabling the realization of novel quantum phases of matter such as unconventional superconductivity and new topological orders. Despite the rapid advances, moiré systems have largely remained constrained by the limited control over the moiré twist angle and reproducibility of fabricated devices. This obscures the microscopic origin of these quantum states and the development of scalable moiré-based technologies. In this Review, we explore the recently emerging strategies to address this challenge by developing novel control knobs to deterministically tune twist angles with ultra-high precision beyond the traditional ‘tear-and-stack’ approach. Next, we discuss the recent expansion of moiré engineering towards higher- and mixed-dimensional systems as well as non-vdW materials. These latter systems establish a robust platform to explore a new moiré phase space and gain new insights into the rich phenomenology of quantum states observed in conventional vdW moiré systems. Finally, we conclude with an outlook and future pathways towards scalable and highly uniform moiré platforms, particularly for their viable integration into next-generation technologies.