A comprehensive review of binary and ternary ZrB 2 materials for Ultra High-Temperature Structural Applications

The unique properties of ZrB 2 -based ceramics are suitable for ultra-high temperature structural applications such as re-entry space vehicles, hypersonic vehicles, and propulsion systems. Monolithic ZrB 2 is associated with challenges during processing and sintering, limiting its widespread application, in addition, its physical and mechanical properties degrade at above 1200 °C due to its critical oxidation resistance. These problems are partially addressed by adding carbides, like SiC and ZrC, into ZrB 2 ceramic. The synthesis and sintering of ZrB 2 -based ceramics are much more accessible than monolithic ZrB 2 , resulting in overall better performance. The present review focuses on the processing route and sintering techniques of ZrB 2 -based binary, ternary ceramics and composite and their effect on physical and mechanical properties. Also, novel advanced processing and fabrication techniques of ZrB 2 -based materials are mentioned. This research article tackles the drawbacks and challenges present in the existing literature and how a sustainable approach can rectify these issues.