Functionalized metal–organic frameworks for efficient uranium adsorption from seawater

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of functionalized MOFs for extracting U(VI) from seawater, addressing the growing demand for sustainable nuclear fuel resources. This work uniquely compares UiO-66, ZIFs, and MILs, focusing on structural features, adsorption performance, and stability under seawater conditions. UiO-66 excels at low uranium concentrations, ZIFs offer high salinity resistance, and MILs perform well amid competing ions. Environmental factors such as pH, salinity, and ionic competition are discussed alongside key adsorption mechanisms. Recent advances in MOF functionalization are highlighted, providing design insights and practical guidance for developing efficient, scalable MOF-based adsorbents for future uranium recovery applications.