Epidemiology of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 in acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children in the tokyo area

82/2,223 stool specimens, collected 1982-1988, from children with enteritis (3.7%) were found to contain adenoviruses; 17 adenovirus-positive samples were provided from other institutes. 89 adenoviruses were isolated in Graham 293 cells from these 99 specimens and were typed by DNA restriction enzyme analysis with Sma I. 37 strains were typed as adenovirus 40 (AD40), and 37 strains as adenovirus 41 (Ad41). Although most strains had the same DNA profiles, a few strains had 3 kinds of different electropherotypes generated by Sma I. Five strains were identified as adenovirus 31. The remaining 10 strains were adenovirus 1 (2 strains), adenovirus 2 (3 strains), adenovirus 3 (1 strain), adenovirus 5 (1 strain), and a non-classified adenovirus (3 strains). Ad40 and Ad41 infections were found throughout the year, but peaked between September and November. 80% of the children with adenovirus infections were less than or equal to 2 years of age. The highest incidence of diarrhea caused by Ad40 or Ad41 was in 6-11 months old children. 1982-1984, the rate of Ad40 infection was 91.7%, while the rate of Ad41 infection was only 8.3%. The prevalence of Ad40 infection gradually diminished from 1985. During 1987 and 1988 the reverse ratios, 20.6% and 79.4%, respectively, of Ad40 and Ad41 infections were observed. Thereafter, Ad41 infection became predominant.