Pose estimation for pickleball players’ kinematic analysis through MediaPipe-based deep learning: A pilot study

< 0.001). The MediaPipe-based DL tool estimated joint angles and motion patterns, offering an approximate alternative to visual analysis by coaches. With the developed DL tool, the coaches and players can rapidly monitor kinematics parameters and identify improvement areas. Future studies should further investigate foot positioning and trunk rotations in different shot types to assess pickleball biomechanical behaviours.