Current Status, Hotspots, and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: A Bibliometric Analysis (2003–2023)

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention in ophthalmology. This paper reviews, classifies, and summarizes the research literature in this field and aims to provide readers with a detailed understanding of the current status and future directions, laying a solid foundation for further research and decision-making. METHODS: Literature was retrieved from the Web of Science database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package Bibliometrix. RESULTS: The study included 3,377 publications from 4,035 institutions in 98 countries. China and the United States had the most publications. Sun Yat-sen University is a leading institution. Translational Vision Science & Technology"published the most articles, while "Ophthalmology" had the most co-citations. Among 13,145 researchers, Ting DSW had the most publications and citations. Keywords included "Deep learning," "Diabetic retinopathy," "Machine learning," and others. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the promising prospects of AI in ophthalmology. Automated eye disease screening, particularly its core technology of retinal image segmentation and recognition, has become a research hotspot. AI is also expanding to complex areas like surgical assistance, predictive models. Multimodal AI, Generative Adversarial Networks, and ChatGPT have driven further technological innovation. However, implementing AI in ophthalmology also faces many challenges, including technical, regulatory, and ethical issues, and others. As these challenges are overcome, we anticipate more innovative applications, paving the way for more effective and safer eye disease treatments.