Sex disparities in global burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer: analysis of Global Burden of Disease study from 2010 to 2019

Abstract Background and Aim The global burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) has been on the rise, making it a major public health concern. We aim to comprehensively analyze sex disparities in the temporal trends of GBTC incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) regionally and globally from 2010 to 2019. Methods Age‐standardized rates of GBTC incidence, death, and DALYs were analyzed utilizing the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Results From 2010 to 2019, the estimated annual percent change (APC) of the age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years (ASDALYs) due to GBTC globally decreased in both sexes (males, APC: −0.80%; APC: −1.00%) and (females, APC: −0.89%; APC: −0.96%). At the same time, age‐standardized death rates (ASDRs) decreased only in males (APC: −0.82%) and remained stable in females. By regions, ASIRs and ASDR increased in both sexes only in Southeast Asia (SEA) but decreased in the other regions. All regions had decreased ASDALYs except for an increase in ASDALYs for females only in the SEA region (APC: 0.41%), and males have a stable trend. Conclusions Our study reveals substantial geographic variance in the burden of GBTC, specifically in the SEA region. Therefore, localized interventional methodologies must be undertaken to effectively address this global burden from GBTC.