The Implication and Advancement of CRISPR Genome Editing in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

This review paper provides an overview of recent achievements and future prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9) genome editing in microalgae and cyanobacteria. The different types of CRISPR systems and Plasmid-based approaches, RNP-based Cas9 expression, transient and stable expression of Cas9 and sgRNA, and various other techniques for targeted gene editing have been reviewed. The paper also highlights the achievements of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in different cyanobacteria and algae species. Additionally, the challenges of off-target effects and potential solutions have been discussed. The paper concludes future prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in microalgae and cyanobacteria, including gene stacking, markerless genome editing, and curing of episomes.