Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): An Update for Clinical Practice

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a variant of autonomic cardiovascular disorder characterized by an excessive increase in heart rate upon standing associated with light-headedness, headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, and brain fog. The etiology of POTS is largely unknown and often debilitating. The 3 major hypotheses about the pathophysiology of POTS are autoimmunity, abnormally increased sympathetic activity, and sympathetic denervation leading to central hypovolemia and reflex tachycardia. Given its heterogeneous nature, it is crucial to understand each component of POTS with more emphasis on incorporating a multidisciplinary approach to control the symptoms. Future works should focus on better understanding the POTS pathophysiology and designing randomized controlled trials for implementing effective therapy. In this review, we outline the extent of the problem, studies and resources needed to address the issue, and the diagnostic and therapeutic updates on POTS.