Carbonaceous nanomaterials incorporated biomaterials: The present and future of the flourishing field

In the past decade, the rapid evolution of nanotechnology has spawned many fascinating opportunities and advances for disease diagnosis and therapy. The currently available therapy opportunities are inadequate to regulate tissue regeneration . Recent advances in nanomaterials provide innovative approaches to rebuilding tissue function after damage. Specifically, carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) have displayed substantial potential in the clinical translation of biomaterial-based remedies due to their outstanding electrical conductivity , mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical and optical characteristics, and high surface areas. The resilience and functional performance of biomaterials are augmented with the incorporation of CNMs. This review focuses on recent efforts in the CNMs to incorporate biomaterials for biomedical applications , orthopedic implants , bioimaging, wearable biosensors , and devices. The first section describes the introduction, key milestones of nanomaterials, bibliographic analysis, and the state of art applications of CNMs reinforced biomaterials. The second section covers the preparation and purification of CNMs and their nanocomposites, such as hydrogels, nanofibers , thin films , and nanoparticles . The third section discusses biomedical applications of CNMs-integrated biomaterials. Finally, future trends and perspective research strategies of CNMs incorporated biomaterials are emphasized. • The advantages of the assimilation of CNMs and biomolecules are presented. • CNMs incorporated biomolecules for biomedical, bioimaging, wearable biosensors, and devices are summarized. • A wide range of CNMs-based biomaterials was covered in a single platform to help the multidisciplinary community. • Current tasks and prospects of CNMs incorporated biomolecules are highlighted.