Synergistic modulation of cobalt nanoparticles loaded on waste-derived porous biochar for electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 production

Nanoscale synergy between Co nanoparticles and oxygen groups on biochar modulates carbon's electronic structure. This optimizes OOH* adsorption, driving sustainable 2e − ORR with 96% selectivity and a high H 2 O 2 yield of 1602 mmol g cat −1 h −1 .