Peptide research has experienced considerable development during the past few decades.The progress in this important discipline of natural product chemistry is reflected in a flood of scientific data.Chemical peptide synthesis is the classical method which has been mainly developed during the past four decades.The production of peptides and proteins by recombinant techniques has also contributed important progress in terms of methodology.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review of current situation concerning solution-phase and solid-phase peptide synthesis,especially microwave-assisted synthesis in this field.