The hindlimb deafferentation was found to entail disorders of the motor activity and sensitivity, as well as a decrease in the evoked activity in the cortical somatosensory areas, although in a lesser degree than transection of the same amount of dorsal roots innervating the forelimbs. Apparently, the afferent organization of the cat hindlimb is different from that of the forelimb. This accounts for preservation of a part of the afferent inflow from periphery to the cortex after partial deafferentation, as well as for the considerable rehabilitation of functions of deafferented hindlimb.