Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells: a comprehensive review of recent strategies and progress

Abstract Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) have garnered global interest owing to their potential for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) at reduced costs. While single-junction solar cells presently lead the photovoltaic (PV) market, PSTSCs recently achieved a record-breaking PCE of 33.9%, showing considerable promise as a next-generation PV technology. Developing highly efficient PSTSCs at a low production cost could markedly impact the future of the PV industry. Perovskite-based TSCs have demonstrated superior efficiency in converting light compared to their standalone counterparts, owing to their more effective utilization of the photon spectrum and reduced energy loss. However, to surpass the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit of 29.4% for silicon solar cells, several challenges must be addressed, necessitating a deeper understanding of this promising technology. This review offers a distinct perspective on the routes toward commercializing PSTSCs and scrutinizes the current forefront of scientific and engineering hurdles in this domain. Leveraging insights from existing research on perovskites and silicon, we summarize the technical issues anticipated during the large-scale production of PSTSCs and project potential avenues for future research.