Targeting post-translational modifications: novel insights into bone metabolic diseases

This review focuses on three key concepts. First, it highlights PTMs that have been implicated in the pathological process of bone metabolic diseases. Second, it examines the regulatory mechanisms and cross talks among different PTMs in bone metabolic diseases. Third, it discusses how aberrant PTMs can disrupt bone metabolic homeostasis by regulating various signaling pathways, leading to cellular dysfunction involved in the onset and development of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, an in-depth study of the PTM mechanisms in bone metabolic diseases may facilitate the identification of novel regulatory targets and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.